The Russian Federation has conducted itself it a far more assertive manner than has previously been observed post the fall of the Soviet Union. In 2008, Russia engaged in open warfare with Georgia. In 2014, Russia seized and annexed Crimea, followed by overall intervention in Ukraine4. In 2015, Russia deployed forces to Syria to aid the regime of Bashar al-Assad. This was the first “outof- area” military operation since independence 5. There has also been bold retaliation towards uncooperative states, most recently involving the expulsion of 755 US diplomats from their diplomatic posts in response to a US sanctions bill 6. Russia has repeatedly tested